Visual Bias 關於對容積的迷思：高度與寬度的錯覺

嗨 我又浮出來了！ 

似乎開始以「月刊」的頻率發文~"~

Anyway, 這篇是我在逛 Science 這個網站看到的，關於人腦在判斷高瘦型杯子與矮畔型杯子容積時，容易對高瘦型杯子有「噢！這杯比較多！」的錯覺。那是因為我們視覺上對「高度」及「寬度」的認知不一樣。 
看看這篇文章怎麼說吧！ 

＊＊文章片段摘自Science的Brain and Behavior專欄，作者為Jia You，網址連結如下：
http://news.sciencemag.org/brain-behavior/2014/10/see-glass-half-empty-your-diet-may-be-trouble

"See glass half empty? Your diet may be in trouble"

Are you a glass half full or a glass half empty person? When it comes to dieting, your answer could change how many calories you drink, according to a study published this month in PLOS ONE. Food psychologists have previously found that people drink less and feel more satisfied when they use a tall, skinny glass rather than a short, wide one, because the human brain perceives height more readily than width. Now, researchers suggest a more nuanced （更細微的 more subtle） reality: The difference also has to do with where you focus your attention when you pour that drink. 

你是個半杯空型的人還是半杯滿型？一般我們會聯想到對人生的態度是樂觀還是悲觀，但這裡你的答案，額，天哪，可是攸關你喝下多少卡路里！

專家學者們曾指出，你用的杯子若是細細長長那種的，你喝下肚的飲料量相對比較少，卻能帶來更多滿足感。對人腦而言，高度所代表的容量勝過寬度！現在，關於你會在兩種不同杯子倒進多少飲料，還有個更細微的差別，那就是你一邊在到飲料時你focus的點是啥。

When the scientists asked people to pour an amount of lemonade that they deemed (considered) equivalent to a shot into a glass, the participants poured less into a skinny glass and more into a wide one of the same volume, as expected. 

這段探討兩個小實驗，分別為兩種不同前提下，受試者們的表現。第一個前提要求受試者們在一高瘦、一矮胖的杯子，憑感覺倒入一樣多的檸檬水。不出所料，倒入高瘦杯的檸檬水量比矮胖型的少了些。因為直覺高度=容積。

But when the team asked the participants to leave a fixed amount of space at the top of the glass, the participants poured more lemonade into the skinny glass, because the same visual bias tricked them to overestimate the amount of space left unfilled in the skinny glass. So if you are on diet, remember to view the glass half full when you use a slender glass.

同樣的，第二個情況一樣請受試著們一邊倒、一邊於兩個杯子都「留下一樣的空間」，調皮的錯覺讓受試著們反過來多倒進高瘦杯裡。

怎麼覺得在玩邏輯遊戲???

其實第一個實驗室一開始提到的 half full 心態，你是基於「倒進了多少飲料」來判斷。

第二個是 half empty 心態，端看你在杯子裡「留下多少空間」。

因此作者玩了雙關語氣：高瘦杯子愛好著，想少喝點熱量的話，還是當個「半杯滿」型的人ba

話說回來，這好像也只限於那種你買一大瓶巧克力牛奶回家放冰箱然後慢慢喝的情況，如果直接外帶一杯大杯珍珠奶茶的，這種小撒步大概就沒輒了-----